An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson XVI
A. Numerals
1 | eka | 21 | eka-v´sati |
2 | dvi | 22 | dve-v´sati, dv-v´sati |
3 | ti | 23 | te-v´sati |
4 | catu | 24 | catu-v´sati |
5 | paca | 25 | paca-v´sati |
6 | cha | 26 | chabb´sati |
7 | satta | 27 | satta-v´sati |
8 | aÊÊha | 28 | aµµha-v´sati |
9 | nava | 29 | ek'èna-tiµsati |
10 | dasa | 30 | tiµsati, tiµs |
11 | ekdasa | 31 | ekatiµsati, ekatiµs |
12 | dvdasa, brasa | 32 | dvattiµsati, dvattiµs |
13 | terasa, teÂasa | 33 | tettiµsati, tettiµs |
14 | cuddasa, catuddasa | 34 | catuttiµsati, catuttiµs |
15 | pacadasa, paööarasa | 35 | paca-tiµsati, paca-tiµs |
16 | soÂasa, sorasa | 36 | chattiµsati, chattiµs |
17 | sattadasa, sattrasa | 37 | satta-tiµsati, satta-tiµs |
18 | aÊÊhadasa, aÊÊhrasa | 38 | aµµha-tiµsati, aµµha-tiµs |
19 | ek'èna-vsati (lit. one less twenty) | 39 | ek'èna catt´sati |
20 | v´sati, v´saµ | 40 | catt´sati, catt´saµ, catt´s |
49 | ek'èna pasa |
50 | paöösa, pas |
60 | saÊÊhi |
70 | sattati |
79 | ek'èns´ti |
80 | as´ti |
90 | navuti |
99 | ek'èna-sataµ |
100 | sataµ |
200 | dvi sataµ |
1,000 | sahassaµ |
10,000 | dasa-sahassaµ, nahutaµ |
100,000 | sata-sahassaµ, lakkhaµ |
10,000,000 | koÊi |
100,000,000 | dasa-koÊi |
1,000,000,000 | sata-koÊi |
"Eka", "ti" and "catu" are declinable in the three genders. When "eka" is used in the sense of 'some, certain, incomparable', it is declinable in the three genders and in both numbers. Otherwise it is declined only in the singular.
Numerals from "dvi" to "aÊÊhrasa" are declined only in the plural. With the exception of "ti" and "catu", all the other numerals are common to all genders.
These numerals agree with the noun they qualify in number and case. Eka, ti, and catu agree in gender also. Generally they are placed before the noun.
Declension of "dvi" | |||
Nom., Acc. | dve, duve | ||
Instr., Abl. | dv´bhi, dv´hi | ||
Dat., Gen. | dvinnaµ | ||
Loc. | dv´su | ||
"ti" | |||
m. | n. | f. | |
Nom., Acc. | tayo | t´ni | tisso |
Instr., Abl. | t´bhi, t´hi | ||
Dat., Gen. | tiööaµ | tiööannaµ | tissannaµ |
Loc. | t´su | ||
"catu" | |||
m. | n. | f. | |
Nom., Acc. | cattro, caturo | cattri | catasso |
Instr., Abl. | catèbhi, catèhi | ||
Dat., Gen. | catunnaµ | catussannaµ | |
Loc. | catusu, catèsu | ||
"paca" | |||
Nom., Acc. | paca | ||
Instr., Abl. | pacabhi, pacahi | ||
Dat., Gen. | pacannaµ | ||
Loc. | pacasu |
Numerals from "ek'ènav´sati" to "aÊÊha-navuti" and "koÊi"are treated as feminines and are declined only in the singular like feminine "i" (see bhèmi). Tiµs, catt´s, and pas are declined like feminine "" (see ka).
Numerals from "ek'ènasata" to
"lakkha" are declined only in the singular like the
neuter "a" (see phala). When, however, numerals from
"v´sati" and upwards are used collectively they take
the plural; e.g.,
dve v´satiyo, two twenties
t´öi satni, three hundreds
B. Ordinals
1. paÊhama (first)
2. Dutiya (second)
3. Tatiya (third)
4. Catuttha (fourth)
5. Pacama (fifth)
6. ChaÊÊha (sixth)
The rest are formed by suffixing "ma", as sattama (seventh), aÊÊhama (eighth), etc.
The ordinals also agree with the noun they qualify in gender, number and case. In the masculine and neuter they are declined like "nara" and "phala" respectively. In the feminine "paÊhama", "dutiya", and "tatiya" are declined like "ka". The ordinals from "catuttha" to "dasama" assume the feminine suffix "´" and are declined like "nr´"; e.g., catuttha + ´ = catutth´, sattama + ´ = sattam´, etc.
The feminines of other ordinals are formed by adding "´" directly to the numerals, as ekdasa + "´" = ekdas´.
Words: | |||
Divasa | m., n. | day | |
Ito | indec. | hence, ago, from now, from here | |
Msa | m., n. | month | |
Pana | indec. | but, however, further (sometimes used without a meaning) | |
Pariccheda | m. | limit, extent, chapter | |
Saraöa | n. | refuge | |
S´la | n. | morality, precept, virtue | |
Vassa | m., n. | year, rain |
Exercise 16-A
1. | Cattr'imni, bhikkhave, saccni. |
2. | "Ekaµ nma kiµ?" |
3. | T´su lokesu satt uppajjanti. |
4. | Ekasmiµ hatthe paca aöguliyo honti. |
5. | Ito sattame divase ahaµ gamissmi. |
6. | Mayaµ t´öi vassni imasmiµ gme vasimh. |
7. | Ayaµ pana imasmiµ potthake soÂasamo paricchedo hoti. |
8. | "Buddhaµ saraöaµ gacchmi. Dutiyam'pi Buddhaµ saraöaµ gacchmi. Tatiyam'pi Buddhaµ saraöaµ gacchmi." |
9. | So tassa tiööaµ puttnaµ cattri cattri katv dvdasa phalni adsi. |
10. | Etasmiµ ghare catasso itthiyo vasanti. |
11. | Yo pa hamaµ gaccheyya so paöökraµ labheyya. |
12. | Imasmiµ ghare ayaµ tatiy bhèmi. |
13. | Antimena paricchedena gahapat´hi paca s´lni rakkhitabbni. |
14. | Guöavanto sad paca s´lni ca aÊÊhamiyaµ ctuddasiyaµ pacadasiyaµ ca aÊÊha s´lni rakkhanti. |
15. | Bhikkhè pan'eva dvisata sttav´sati sikkhpadni rakkhanti. |
16. | Tassa se hino catupaöösakoÊi dhanaµ atthi. |
17. | Ekasmiµ mse tiµsa divas honti. Ekasmiµ vasse pana tisata pacasaÊÊhi divas honti. |
18. | Imya pÊhaslya pacasatni siss uggaöhanti. |
Exercise 16-B
1. | I gave him four books. |
2. | He lived three days in our house. |
3. | We have two eyes, but only one mouth. |
4. | There are thirty days in one month, and twelve months in one year. |
5. | They are now studying the twelfth chapter of the book. |
6. | Which of these two presents would you take? |
7. | The child bought three mangoes, ate one and took two home. |
8. | He will come on the 28th day of this month. |
9. | They took the Three Refuges and the five precepts to-day. |
10. | There were two hundred patients in the hospital yesterday. |
11. | Seven days hence my father will come to see me. |
12. | Some householders observe the ten precepts on the fifteenth day. |
13. | If you do evil, you will be born in the four evil states. |
14. | If you do good, you will be born in the seven states of happiness. |
15. | He gave five hundred and received thousand. |
16. | She brought three presents for her three little sisters. |
17. | My age is eighteen years. |
18. | In his 29th year he left home, and endeavouring for six years he understood the Four Truths and became a fully Enlightened One in his thirty-fifth year. After becoming a Buddha He preached the Doctrine for forty-five years. |