An Elementary Pali Course

Lesson XV

A. Demonstrative Pronouns

Ima: this
SINGULAR
  m. n. f.
Nom. ayaµ idaµ, imaµ ayaµ
Acc. imaµ idaµ, imaµ imaµ
Instr. iminŒ, anena imŒya
Abl. imamhŒ, imasmŒ, asmŒ imŒya
Dat., Gen. imassa, assa imissŒ, imŒya, assŒ, assŒya
Loc. imamhi, imasmiµ, asmiµ imissaµ, imŒyaµ, assaµ
PLURAL
  m. n. f.
Nom., Acc. ime ime, imŒni imŒ, imŒyo
Instr., Abl. imebhi, imehi, ebhi, ehi imŒbhi, imŒhi
Dat., Gen. imesaµ, imesŒnaµ, esaµ, esŒnaµ imŒsaµ, imŒsŒnaµ
Loc. imesu, esu imŒsu
       
Amu: this, that, such
SINGULAR
  m. n. f.
Nom. asu, amuko aduµ asu, amu
Acc. amuµ aduµ amuµ
Instr. amunŒ amuyŒ
Abl. amumhŒ, amusmŒ amuyŒ
Dat., Gen. amuno, amussa amussŒ, amuyŒ
Loc. amumhi, amusmiµ amussaµ, amuyaµ
PLURAL
  m. n. f.
Nom., Acc. amè amuyo amè, amèni
Instr., Abl. amèbhi, amèhi
Dat., Gen. amèsaµ, amèsŒnaµ
Loc. amèsu

B. Adjectives

In PŒÂi, adjectives are inflectional and they agree with the substantives they qualify in gender, number and case. Generally they are placed before the noun.

Adjectives ending in "a" are declined in the masculine, feminine, and neuter like nara, phala, and ka––Œ respectively. Sometimes in the feminine they are declined like nŒr´.

Some adjectives may be formed by adding "vantu" to nouns ending in "a", "Œ" and "mantu" to nouns ending in "i" and "u".

Examples:-
bala + vantu = balavantu, powerful
bandhu + mantu = bandhumantu, having relatives
dhiti + mantu = dhitimantu, courageous
guöa + vantu = guöavantu, virtuous

These adjectives are declined like "pacanta" with the exception of the Nominative singular; e.g., :-
SING. PLU.
bandhumŒ bandhumanto, bandhumantŒ
dhitimŒ dhitimanto, dhitimantŒ
guöavŒ guöavanto, guöavantŒ
   
Words:
Antima adj.   last
Œsana n.   seat
Arahanta p.p.   araha (used as noun & adjective) exalted, worthy, sanctified
Bhagavantu adj.   blessed -(used as an epithet of the Buddha, the Blessed One.)
D´gha adj.   long
Kaöha adj.   black
Khuddaka adj.   small
Majjhima adj.   middle
Mahanta adj.   big
Namo indec.   honour, homage, praise, salutation
N´ca adj.   mean, low
N´la adj.   blue
PaÊipadŒ f.   course, path, practice, conduct
P´ta adj.   yellow
Ratta adj.   red
SammŒ-sambuddha m.   Fully Enlightened One
Seta adj.   white
S´ta adj.   cold, cool
Sukhita adj.   happy, healthy
Taruöa adj.   young
Ucca adj.   high
Uöha adj.   hot

Exercise 15-A

1. Kim'idaµ?
2. Kassa imŒni?
3. IminŒ te kiµ payojanaµ?
4. Idaµ mayhaµ hotu.
5. Ko nŒma ayaµ puriso?
6. Ayaµ me mŒtulŒn´ hoti.
7. Idaµ mayŒ kattabbaµ.
8. Sabbaµ idaµ asukena kataµ.
9. Ayaµ sŒmi caöo na hoti.
10. Ayaµ me antimŒ jŒti.
11. Ayaµ seto asso khippaµ na dhŒvati.
12. Guöavantehi ime gilŒnŒ sa–gaöhitabbŒ.
13. "YathŒ idaµ tathŒ etaµ - yathŒ etaµ tathŒ idaµ."
14. "Idaµ vo Œt´naµ hotu - sukhitŒ hontu Œtayo!"
15. "Tvaµ etasmiµ pabbate vasa, ahaµ imasmiµ pabbate vasissŒmi."
16. "Namo tassa Bhagavato, arahato sammŒ-sambuddhassa."
17. Asmiµ loke ca paramhi ca guöavantŒ sukhena vasanti.
18. AsukŒya nŒma visikhŒya asukasmiµ ghare ayaµ taruöo vejjo vasati.
19. Imehi pupphehi Buddhaµ pèjetha.
20. Mayaµ imasmiµ ŒrŒme mahantŒni rukkhŒni passŒma.
21. Imassa gilŒnassa uöhaµ udakaµ dŒtabbaµ.
22. Janako ucce Œsane nis´di, putto n´ce Œsane nis´di.
23. Imesu pupphesu setŒni ca rattŒni ca p´tŒni ca pupphŒni gahetvŒ gacchŒhi.
24. ImŒni khuddakŒni phalŒni mayaµ na kiöŒma.
25. IminŒ d´ghena maggena ete gamissanti.

Exercise 15-B

1. Who is this boy?
2. This is my book.
3. Who are these men?
4. He is living in this house.
5. This was done by me.
6. There is such a young doctor in this street.
7. Cold water should not be drunk by the sick.
8. He is the last boy in the school.
9. Did you see him sitting on this high seat?
10. Take these long sticks and throw into the fire.
11. May all these beings be happy!
12. I like to mount this white horse.
13. Bring those small books and give to these boys.
14. You should wash your face with this hot water.
15. These Exalted Ones understood the middle Path of the Buddha.
16. This Doctrine was preached by the Blessed One.
17. We shall go by this long way.
18. There are tall, big trees in this forest.
19. I shall take these white flowers; you may take those red flowers.
20. These are small ships.
21. Young men and women should always associate with the virtuous.
22. This city is protected by a powerful king.
23. The courageous do not run away through fear.
24. Little children are playing with these little dogs.
25. May the Blessed One preach the Doctrine to these monks and nuns!