An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson XV
A. Demonstrative Pronouns
Ima: this | |||
SINGULAR | |||
m. | n. | f. | |
Nom. | ayaµ | idaµ, imaµ | ayaµ |
Acc. | imaµ | idaµ, imaµ | imaµ |
Instr. | imin, anena | imya | |
Abl. | imamh, imasm, asm | imya | |
Dat., Gen. | imassa, assa | imiss, imya, ass, assya | |
Loc. | imamhi, imasmiµ, asmiµ | imissaµ, imyaµ, assaµ | |
PLURAL | |||
m. | n. | f. | |
Nom., Acc. | ime | ime, imni | im, imyo |
Instr., Abl. | imebhi, imehi, ebhi, ehi | imbhi, imhi | |
Dat., Gen. | imesaµ, imesnaµ, esaµ, esnaµ | imsaµ, imsnaµ | |
Loc. | imesu, esu | imsu | |
Amu: this, that, such | |||
SINGULAR | |||
m. | n. | f. | |
Nom. | asu, amuko | aduµ | asu, amu |
Acc. | amuµ | aduµ | amuµ |
Instr. | amun | amuy | |
Abl. | amumh, amusm | amuy | |
Dat., Gen. | amuno, amussa | amuss, amuy | |
Loc. | amumhi, amusmiµ | amussaµ, amuyaµ | |
PLURAL | |||
m. | n. | f. | |
Nom., Acc. | amè | amuyo | amè, amèni |
Instr., Abl. | amèbhi, amèhi | ||
Dat., Gen. | amèsaµ, amèsnaµ | ||
Loc. | amèsu |
B. Adjectives
In PÂi, adjectives are inflectional and they agree with the substantives they qualify in gender, number and case. Generally they are placed before the noun.
Adjectives ending in "a" are declined in the masculine, feminine, and neuter like nara, phala, and ka respectively. Sometimes in the feminine they are declined like nr´.
Some adjectives may be formed by adding "vantu" to nouns ending in "a", "" and "mantu" to nouns ending in "i" and "u".
Examples:-
bala + vantu = balavantu, powerful
bandhu + mantu = bandhumantu, having relatives
dhiti + mantu = dhitimantu, courageous
guöa + vantu = guöavantu, virtuous
These adjectives are declined like "pacanta" with the exception of the Nominative singular; e.g., :- |
SING. | PLU. |
bandhum | bandhumanto, bandhumant |
dhitim | dhitimanto, dhitimant |
guöav | guöavanto, guöavant |
Words: | |||
Antima | adj. | last | |
sana | n. | seat | |
Arahanta | p.p. | araha (used as noun & adjective) exalted, worthy, sanctified | |
Bhagavantu | adj. | blessed -(used as an epithet of the Buddha, the Blessed One.) | |
D´gha | adj. | long | |
Kaöha | adj. | black | |
Khuddaka | adj. | small | |
Majjhima | adj. | middle | |
Mahanta | adj. | big | |
Namo | indec. | honour, homage, praise, salutation | |
N´ca | adj. | mean, low | |
N´la | adj. | blue | |
PaÊipad | f. | course, path, practice, conduct | |
P´ta | adj. | yellow | |
Ratta | adj. | red | |
Samm-sambuddha | m. | Fully Enlightened One | |
Seta | adj. | white | |
S´ta | adj. | cold, cool | |
Sukhita | adj. | happy, healthy | |
Taruöa | adj. | young | |
Ucca | adj. | high | |
Uöha | adj. | hot |
Exercise 15-A
1. | Kim'idaµ? |
2. | Kassa imni? |
3. | Imin te kiµ payojanaµ? |
4. | Idaµ mayhaµ hotu. |
5. | Ko nma ayaµ puriso? |
6. | Ayaµ me mtuln´ hoti. |
7. | Idaµ may kattabbaµ. |
8. | Sabbaµ idaµ asukena kataµ. |
9. | Ayaµ smi caöo na hoti. |
10. | Ayaµ me antim jti. |
11. | Ayaµ seto asso khippaµ na dhvati. |
12. | Guöavantehi ime giln sagaöhitabb. |
13. | "Yath idaµ tath etaµ - yath etaµ tath idaµ." |
14. | "Idaµ vo t´naµ hotu - sukhit hontu tayo!" |
15. | "Tvaµ etasmiµ pabbate vasa, ahaµ imasmiµ pabbate vasissmi." |
16. | "Namo tassa Bhagavato, arahato samm-sambuddhassa." |
17. | Asmiµ loke ca paramhi ca guöavant sukhena vasanti. |
18. | Asukya nma visikhya asukasmiµ ghare ayaµ taruöo vejjo vasati. |
19. | Imehi pupphehi Buddhaµ pèjetha. |
20. | Mayaµ imasmiµ rme mahantni rukkhni passma. |
21. | Imassa gilnassa uöhaµ udakaµ dtabbaµ. |
22. | Janako ucce sane nis´di, putto n´ce sane nis´di. |
23. | Imesu pupphesu setni ca rattni ca p´tni ca pupphni gahetv gacchhi. |
24. | Imni khuddakni phalni mayaµ na kiöma. |
25. | Imin d´ghena maggena ete gamissanti. |
Exercise 15-B
1. | Who is this boy? |
2. | This is my book. |
3. | Who are these men? |
4. | He is living in this house. |
5. | This was done by me. |
6. | There is such a young doctor in this street. |
7. | Cold water should not be drunk by the sick. |
8. | He is the last boy in the school. |
9. | Did you see him sitting on this high seat? |
10. | Take these long sticks and throw into the fire. |
11. | May all these beings be happy! |
12. | I like to mount this white horse. |
13. | Bring those small books and give to these boys. |
14. | You should wash your face with this hot water. |
15. | These Exalted Ones understood the middle Path of the Buddha. |
16. | This Doctrine was preached by the Blessed One. |
17. | We shall go by this long way. |
18. | There are tall, big trees in this forest. |
19. | I shall take these white flowers; you may take those red flowers. |
20. | These are small ships. |
21. | Young men and women should always associate with the virtuous. |
22. | This city is protected by a powerful king. |
23. | The courageous do not run away through fear. |
24. | Little children are playing with these little dogs. |
25. | May the Blessed One preach the Doctrine to these monks and nuns! |