An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson XII
A. Personal Pronouns
Amha: I | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom. | ahaµ | mayaµ, amhe, (no) |
Acc. | maµ, mamaµ | amhkaµ, amhe, (no) |
Instr. | may, (me) | amhebhi, amhehi, (no) |
Abl. | may | amhebhi, amhehi |
Dat., Gen. | mama, mayhaµ, amhaµ, mamaµ, (me) | amhkaµ, amhe, (no) |
Loc. | mayi | amhesu |
Tumha: you | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom. | tvaµ, tuvaµ | tumhe, (vo) |
Acc. | taµ, tavaµ, tvaµ, tuvaµ | tumhkaµ, tumhe, (vo) |
Instr. | tvay, tay, (te) | tumhebhi, tumhehi, (vo) |
Abl. | tvay, tay | tumhebhi, tumhehi |
Dat., Gen. | tava, tuyhaµ, tumhaµ, (te) | tumhaµ, tumhkaµ, (vo) |
Loc. | tvayi, tayi | tumhesu |
"te", "µe", "vo", and "no" are not used in the beginning of a sentence.
B. Conditional Mood (Sattam“)
Terminations | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
3rd | eyya | eyyuµ |
2nd | eyysi | eyytha |
1st | eyymi | eyyma |
paca: to cook | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
3rd | pace, paceyya | paceyyuµ |
he should cook | they should cook | |
2nd | paceyysi | paceyytha |
you should cook | you should cook | |
1st | paceyymi | paceyyma |
I should cook | we should cook |
The third person singular "eyya" is sometimes changed into "e".
This mood is also used to express wish, command, prayer, etc. When it is used in a conditional sense, the sentence often begins with "sace", "ce" or "yadi" - if.
Words: | |||
Alikavd“ | m. | he who speaks lies | |
roceti | (ruca with ) | informs, tells, announces | |
Asdhu | m. | bad man | |
adj. | bad, wicked | ||
Bhajati | (bhaja) | associates | |
Bhaöati | (bhaöa) | speaks, recites | |
Dna | n. | alms, giving, gift | |
Evaµ | indec. | thus | |
Jinti | (ji) | conquers | |
Kadariya | m. | miser, avaricious person | |
Kodha | m. | anger | |
Khippaµ | indec. | quickly, immediately | |
Paöita | m. | wise man | |
Ppaka | adj. | evil | |
Sdhu | m. | good man | |
adj. | good | ||
Vyamati | (yamu with vi and a) | strives, tries | |
Vaööa | m. | appearance, colour, praise, quality | |
Sacca | n. | truth | |
Yad | indec. | when* | |
Tad | indec. | then* |
*Correlatives
Exercise 12-A
1. | "Gmaµ no gaccheyyma." |
2. | "Buddho'pi Buddhassa bhaöeyya vaööaµ." |
3. | "Na bhaje ppake mitte." |
4. | "Saccaµ bhaöe, na kujjheyya." |
5. | "Dhammaµ vo desessmi." |
6. | Sace ahaµ saccni bujjheyymi te roceyymi. |
7. | Yadi tvaµ vymeyysi khippaµ paöito bhaveyysi. |
8. | Yva tumhe maµ passeyytha tva idha tiŹŹheyytha. |
9. | Sace bhikkhč dhammaµ deseyyuµ mayaµ sdhukaµ suöeyyma. |
10. | Sdhu bhante, evaµ no kareyyma. |
11. | Yadi tvaµ may saddhiµ gantuµ iccheyysi tava jananiµ rocetv gaccheyysi. |
12. | Amhesu ca tumhesu ca gahapatayo na khujjheyyuµ. |
13. | Sace dhammaµ sutv mayi saddh tava uppajjeyya ahaµ tvaµ adhipatiµ kareyymi. |
14. | Yva tumhe muttiµ labheyytha tva appamdena vyameyytha. |
15. | "Akkodhena jine kodhaµ - asdhuµ sdhun jine |
Jine kadariyaµ dnena - saccena alikavdinaµ." | |
16. | "Khippaµ vyama; paöito bhava." |
Exercise 12-B
1. | You should not go with him. |
2. | Children, you should always speak the truth. |
3. | Rev. Sir. I should like to ask a question from you. |
4. | Well, you should not be angry with me thus. |
5. | I shall not go to see your friend until I receive a letter from you. |
6. | You should endeavour to overcome your anger by patience. |
7. | If you would listen to my advice, I would certainly go with you. |
8. | You should tell me if he were to send a book to you. |
9. | We should like to hear the doctrine from you, Rev. Sir. |
10. | By giving we should conquer the misers. |
11. | We should not be born in evil state until we should understand the truths. |
12. | Would you go immediately and bring the letter to me? |
13. | If a good person were to associate with a wicked person, he may also become a wicked person. |
14. | Should wicked persons associate with the wise, they would soon become good men. |
15. | If you should hear me well, faith should arise in you. |