An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson XI
A. Declension of Nouns ending in "u" and "č"
| Bhikkhu, m. mendicant | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom. | bhikkhu | bhikkhč, bhikkhavo | ||
| Voc. | bhikkhu | bhikkhč, bhikkhavo, bhikkhave | ||
| Acc. | bhikkhuµ | bhikkhč, bhikkhavo | ||
| Instr. | bhikkhunŒ | bhikkhčbhi, bhikkhčhi | ||
| Abl. | bhikkhunŒ, bhikkhumhŒ, bhikkhusmŒ | bhikkhčbhi, bhikkhčhi | ||
| Dat., Gen. | bhikkhuno, bhikkhussa | bhikkhčnaµ | ||
| Loc. | bhikkhumhi, bhikkhusmiµ | bhikkhčsu | ||
| Œyu: n. age | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom., Voc. | Œyu | Œyč, Œyuni | ||
| Acc. | Œyuµ | Œyč, Œyuni | ||
| The rest like the masculine. | ||||
| Terminations | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| m. | n. | m. | n. | |
| Nom. | -- | -- | č, avo | č, ni |
| Voc. | -- | -- | č, avo, ave | č, ni |
| Acc. | µ | µ | č, avo | č, ni |
| The rest like the "i" terminations. | ||||
| Dhenu: f. cow | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom., Voc. | dhenu | dhenč, dhenuyo | ||
| Acc. | dhenuµ | dhenč, dhenuyo | ||
| Instr., Abl. | dhenuyŒ | dhenčbhi, dhenčhi | ||
| Dat., Gen. | dhenuyŒ | dhenčnaµ | ||
| Loc. | dhenuyŒ, dhenuyaµ | dhenčsu | ||
| Terminations | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom., Voc. | -- | č, yo | ||
| Acc. | µ | č, yo | ||
| The rest like "i" terminations. | ||||
| Abhibhč: m. conqueror | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom., Voc. | abhibhč | abhibhč, abhibhuvo | ||
| Acc. | abhibhuµ | abhibhč, abhibhuvo | ||
| The rest like bhikkhu. | ||||
| Sabba––č: m. All-knowing One | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom., Voc. | sabba––č | sabba––č, sabba––uno | ||
| Acc. | sabba––uµ | sabba––č, sabba––uno | ||
| The rest like bhikkhu. | ||||
| Gotrabhč: n. The Sanctified One | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom., Voc. | gotrabhč | gotrabhč, gotrabhčni | ||
| The rest like bhikkhu. | ||||
| Vadhč: f. young wife | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| Nom., Voc. | vadhč | vadhč, vadhuyo | ||
| The rest like dhenu. | ||||
| Words: | |||
| Œvuso | indec. | friend, brother | |
| Bhante | indec. | Lord, Rev. Sir | |
| Cakkhu | n. | eye | |
| DŒru | n. | wood, fire-wood | |
| D“pa | n. | light, lamp | |
| Kata––č | m. | grateful person | |
| Kh“ra | n. | milk | |
| Ku–jara | m. | elephant | |
| Maccu | m. | death | |
| Madhu | m. | honey | |
| Pa–ha | m. | question | |
| SŒdhukaµ | indec. | well | |
| SenΠ| f. | army | |
| Tiöa | n. | grass | |
| YŒgu | m. | rice-gruel | |
| YŒva | indec. | till* | |
| TŒva | indec. | until* | |
*Correlatives as long as - so long.
B. Verbs: Imperative and Benedictive Mood (Pa–cam“)
| Terminations | ||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
| 3rd | tu | antu |
| 2nd | hi | tha |
| 1st | mi | ma |
| paca: to cook | ||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
| 3rd | pacatu | pacantu |
| may he cook | may they cook | |
| 2nd | paca, pacŒhi | pacatha |
| may you cook | may you cook | |
| 1st | pacŒmi | pacŒma |
| may I cook | may we cook | |
This mood is used to express a command or wish, and it corresponds to the Imperative and Benedictive moods.
The vowel preceding "hi", "mi", and "ma" is always lengthened. In the second person there is an additional termination "a".
Illustrations:
COMMAND
Idha Œgaccha, come here.
Tvaµ gharasmŒ nikkhamŒhi, you go away from the house.
Tumhe idha tiŹŹhatha, you stand here.
WISH
Ahaµ Buddho bhavŒmi, may I become a Buddha.
Buddho dhammaµ desetu, let the Buddha preach the Doctrine.
The prohibitive particle "mŒ" is sometimes used with this mood*, e.g., mŒ gaccha, do not go.
*This particle is mostly used with the Aorist 3rd
person; e.g.,
mŒ agamŒsi, do not go.
mŒ aŹŹhŒsi, do not stand.
mŒ bhu––ji, do not eat.
| Verbs: | |||
| Bujjhati | (budha) | understands | |
| DhunŒti | (dhu) | destroys | |
| Kujjhati | (kudha) | gets angry | |
| J“vati | (j“va) | lives | |
| Pucchati | (puccha) | asks | |
Exercise 11-A
| 1. | Sabba––č bhikkhčnaµ dhammaµ desetu! |
| 2. | Dhenu tiöaµ khŒdatu! |
| 3. | Œvuso, aŹaviyŒ dŒruµ ŒharitvŒ aggiµ karohi. |
| 4. | Gahapatayo, bhikkhčsu mŒ kujjhatha. |
| 5. | Bhikkhave, ahaµ dhammaµ desessŒmi, sŒdhukaµ suöŒtha. |
| 6. | "DhunŒtha maccuno senaµ - naĀŒgŒraµ'va ku–jaro." |
| 7. | YŒvŒ'haµ gacchŒmi tŒva idha tiŹŹhatha. |
| 8. | Bhikkhč pa–haµ sŒdhukaµ bujjhantu! |
| 9. | SissŒ, sadŒ kata––č hotha. |
| 10. | Kata––uno, tumhe Œyuµ labhitvŒ ciraµ j“vatha! |
| 11. | "Dhammaµ pibatha, bhikkhavo." |
| 12. | Mayhaµ cakkhčhi pŒpaµ na passŒmi, Bhante. |
| 13. | DhenuyŒ kh“raµ gahetvŒ madhunŒ saddhiµ pibŒma. |
| 14. | Œvuso, bhikkčnaµ purato mŒ tiŹŹhatha. |
| 15. | Bhante, bhikkhumhŒ mayaµ pa–haµ pucchŒma. |
| 16. | NarŒ ca nŒriyo ca bhikkhčhi dhammaµ sŒdhukaµ sutvŒ pu––aµ katvŒ sugat“su uppajjantu! |
Exercise 11-B
| 1. | Let him salute the mendicants! |
| 2. | May you live long, O All-knowing One! |
| 3. | Do not give grass to the cows in the afternoon. |
| 4. | Friend, do not go till I come. |
| 5. | Rev. Sirs, may you see no evil with your eyes! |
| 6. | Let us sit on the ground and listen to the advice of the Bhikkhus. |
| 7. | May you be grateful persons! |
| 8. | Let them stay here till we bring firewood from the forest. |
| 9. | O young wives, do not get angry with your husbands. |
| 10. | May I destroy the army of death! |
| 11. | May I drink rice-gruel with honey! |
| 12. | May we know your age, O bhikkhu! |
| 13. | Do not stand in front of the elephant. |
| 14. | O house-holders, treat your mothers and fathers well. |
| 15. | Friends, do not offer rice-gruel to the Bhikkhus till we come. |
| 16. | Do not drink honey, child. |