An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson VIII
A. Nouns ending in "i"
Muni: m. sage | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom., Voc. | muni | mun´, munayo |
Acc. | muniµ | mun´, munayo |
Instr. | munin | mun´bhi, mun´hi |
Abl. | munin, munimh, munism | mun´bhi, mun´hi |
Dat., Gen. | munino, munissa | mun´naµ |
Loc. | munimhi, munismiµ | mun´su |
Terminations | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom., Voc. | -- | ´, ayo |
Acc. | µ | ´, ayo |
Instr. | n | bhi, hi |
Abl. | n, mh, sm | bhi, hi |
Dat., Gen. | no, ssa | naµ |
Loc. | mhi, smiµ | su |
AÊÊhi: n. bone | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom., Voc. | aÊÊhi | aÊÊh´, aÊÊ´ni |
Acc. | aÊÊhiµ | aÊÊh´, aÊÊ´ni |
Terminations | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom., Voc. | -- | ´, ni |
Acc. | µ | ´, ni |
The rest like masculine, with the exception of the Loc. plural which has two forms - aÊÊhisu, aÊÊh´su. |
Words: | |||
Adhipati | m. | chief, master | |
Aggi | m. | fire | |
Asi | m. | sword | |
Atithi | m. | guest | |
Gahapati | m. | house-holder | |
Kapi | m. | monkey | |
Kavi | m. | poet | |
Maöi | m. | jewel | |
Narapati | m. | King | |
ti | m. | relative | |
Pati | m. | husband, lord | |
V´hi | m. | paddy |
B. Indeclinable Past Participles*
These are generally formed by adding the suffix "tva" to the root. If the ending of the root is "a", it is often changed into "i". Sometimes "tvna" and "tèna" are also added to the roots.
Examples:-
paca + tv = pacitv, having cooked
khipa + tv = khipitv, having thrown
su + tv = sutv, having heard; also sutvna,
sotèna
kara** + tv = katv, having done; also
katvna, ktèna
*See note and the table in lesson VII-B.
**In this case the final "ra" is dropped.
Illustrations: | |
1. | nis´ditv bhuji |
having sat he ate | |
or | he sat and ate |
2. | Buddhaµ vanditv dhammaµ sotuµ agam´ |
the Buddha having saluted the Doctrine to hear he went | |
or | He saluted the Buddha and went to hear the Doctrine. |
3. | He stood and spoke. |
So Êhatv vadi | |
4. | After playing he went to bathe. |
So k´Âitv nahyituµ agami |
Exercise 8-A
1. | Muni narapatiµ Dhammena saºgaöhitv agami. |
2. | Kapayo rukkhaµ ruhitv phalni khdiµsu. |
3. | Kad tumhe kavimh potthakni alabhittha? |
4. | Ahaµ tesaµ rme adhipati ahosiµ. |
5. | Mayaµ gahapat´hi saddhiµ gaºgya udakaµ haritv aggimhi khipimh. |
6. | Narapati hatthena asiµ gahetv assaµ ruhi. |
7. | Tvaµ tuyhaµ patiµ darena saºgaöho. |
8. | Gahapatayo narapatino purato Êhatv vadiµsu. |
9. | Atith´ amhkaµ gharaµ gantv hraµ bhujiµsu. |
10. | Sakuö khettesu v´hiµ disv khdiµsu. |
11. | Narapati gahapatimh maöiµ labhitv kavino adsi. |
12. | Adhipati atith´hi saddhiµ hraµ bhujitv muniµ passituµ agmi. |
13. | Ahaµ mayhaµ tino ghare ciraµ vasiµ. |
14. | Sunakh aÊÊh´hi gahetv magge dhviµsu. |
15. | Dhammaµ sutv gahapat´naµ Buddhe saddhaµ uppajji. |
Exercise 8-B
1. | The father of the sage was a king. |
2. | O house-holders, why did you not advise your children to go to school? |
3. | We saw the king and came. |
4. | I went and spoke to the poet. |
5. | The chief of the temple sat on a chair and preached the Doctrine to the householders. |
6. | Only yesterday I wrote a letter and sent to my master. |
7. | The poet compiled a book and gave to the king. |
8. | Our relatives lived in the guest's house for a long time and left only (this) morning. |
9. | The householders bought paddy from the farmers and sowed in their fields. |
10. | We sat on the benches and listened to the advice of the sage. |
11. | The king built a temple and offered to the sage. |
12. | After partaking* my morning meal with the guests I went to see my relatives. |
13. | I bought fruits from the market and gave to the monkey. |
14. | Why did you stand in front of the fire and play with the monkey? |
15. | Faith arose in the king after hearing the Doctrine from the sage. |
*Use "bhujitv".