An Elementary Pali Course

Lesson VIII

A. Nouns ending in "i"

Muni: m. sage
  SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom., Voc. muni mun´, munayo
Acc. muniµ mun´, munayo
Instr. muninŒ mun´bhi, mun´hi
Abl. muninŒ, munimhŒ, munismŒ mun´bhi, mun´hi
Dat., Gen. munino, munissa mun´naµ
Loc. munimhi, munismiµ mun´su
     
Terminations
  SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom., Voc. -- ´, ayo
Acc. µ ´, ayo
Instr. bhi, hi
Abl. nŒ, mhŒ, smŒ bhi, hi
Dat., Gen. no, ssa naµ
Loc. mhi, smiµ su
     
AÊÊhi: n. bone
  SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom., Voc. aÊÊhi aÊÊh´, aÊÊ´ni
Acc. aÊÊhiµ aÊÊh´, aÊÊ´ni
     
Terminations
  SINGULAR PLURAL
Nom., Voc. -- ´, ni
Acc. µ ´, ni
The rest like masculine, with the exception of the Loc. plural which has two forms - aÊÊhisu, aÊÊh´su.
 
Words:
Adhipati m.   chief, master
Aggi m.   fire
Asi m.   sword
Atithi m.   guest
Gahapati m.   house-holder
Kapi m.   monkey
Kavi m.   poet
Maöi m.   jewel
Narapati m.   King
„Œti m.   relative
Pati m.   husband, lord
V´hi m.   paddy

B. Indeclinable Past Participles*

These are generally formed by adding the suffix "tva" to the root. If the ending of the root is "a", it is often changed into "i". Sometimes "tvŒna" and "tèna" are also added to the roots.

Examples:-
paca + tvŒ = pacitvŒ, having cooked
khipa + tvŒ = khipitvŒ, having thrown
su + tvŒ = sutvŒ, having heard; also sutvŒna, sotèna
kara
** + tvŒ = katvŒ, having done; also katvŒna, kŒtèna

*See note and the table in lesson VII-B.

**In this case the final "ra" is dropped.

Illustrations:
1. nis´ditvŒ bhuji
  having sat he ate
or he sat and ate
2. Buddhaµ vanditvŒ dhammaµ sotuµ agam´
  the Buddha having saluted the Doctrine to hear he went
or He saluted the Buddha and went to hear the Doctrine.
3. He stood and spoke.
  So ÊhatvŒ vadi
4. After playing he went to bathe.
  So k´ÂitvŒ nahŒyituµ agami

Exercise 8-A

1. Muni narapatiµ Dhammena saºgaöhitvŒ agami.
2. Kapayo rukkhaµ ŒruhitvŒ phalŒni khŒdiµsu.
3. KadŒ tumhe kavimhŒ potthakŒni alabhittha?
4. Ahaµ tesaµ ŒrŒme adhipati ahosiµ.
5. Mayaµ gahapat´hi saddhiµ gaºgŒya udakaµ ŒharitvŒ aggimhi khipimhŒ.
6. Narapati hatthena asiµ gahetvŒ assaµ Œruhi.
7. Tvaµ tuyhaµ patiµ Œdarena saºgaöho.
8. Gahapatayo narapatino purato ÊhatvŒ vadiµsu.
9. Atith´ amhŒkaµ gharaµ ŒgantvŒ ŒhŒraµ bhujiµsu.
10. SakuöŒ khettesu v´hiµ disvŒ khŒdiµsu.
11. Narapati gahapatimhŒ maöiµ labhitvŒ kavino adŒsi.
12. Adhipati atith´hi saddhiµ ŒhŒraµ bhujitvŒ muniµ passituµ agŒmi.
13. Ahaµ mayhaµ Œtino ghare ciraµ vasiµ.
14. SunakhŒ aÊÊh´hi gahetvŒ magge dhŒviµsu.
15. Dhammaµ sutvŒ gahapat´naµ Buddhe saddhaµ uppajji.

Exercise 8-B

1. The father of the sage was a king.
2. O house-holders, why did you not advise your children to go to school?
3. We saw the king and came.
4. I went and spoke to the poet.
5. The chief of the temple sat on a chair and preached the Doctrine to the householders.
6. Only yesterday I wrote a letter and sent to my master.
7. The poet compiled a book and gave to the king.
8. Our relatives lived in the guest's house for a long time and left only (this) morning.
9. The householders bought paddy from the farmers and sowed in their fields.
10. We sat on the benches and listened to the advice of the sage.
11. The king built a temple and offered to the sage.
12. After partaking* my morning meal with the guests I went to see my relatives.
13. I bought fruits from the market and gave to the monkey.
14. Why did you stand in front of the fire and play with the monkey?
15. Faith arose in the king after hearing the Doctrine from the sage.

*Use "bhujitvŒ".