An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson VI
A. Nouns ending in ""
Ka: f. maiden, virgin | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom. | Ka | Ka, Kayo |
Voc. | Kae | Ka, Kayo |
Acc. | Kaaµ | Ka, Kayo |
Instr., Abl. | Kaya | Kabhi, Khi |
Dat., Gen. | Kaya | Kanaµ |
Loc. | Kaya, Kayaµ | Kasu |
Terminations | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom. | -- | --, yo |
Voc. | e | --, yo |
Acc. | aµ | --, yo |
Instr., Abl. | ya | bhi, hi |
Dat., Gen. | ya | naµ |
Loc. | ya, yaµ | su |
All nouns ending in "" are in the feminine with the exception of "s", m. dog.
Feminine Substantives: | ||
Bhariy | wife | |
Bhs | language | |
Drik | girl | |
Dhammasl | preaching-hall | |
Gaºg | Ganges, river | |
Nv | ship, boat | |
Osadhasl | dispensary | |
PÂibhs | PÂi language | |
Pa | wisdom | |
PÊhasl | school | |
Saddh | faith, devotion, confidence | |
Sal | hall | |
Gilnasl | hospital | |
Visikh | street |
B. Infinitive
The Infinitives are formed by adding the suffix "tuµ" to the root. If the ending of the root is "a", it is often changed into "i".
Examples:-
paca + tuµ = pacituµ, to cook
rakkha + tuµ = rakkhituµ, to protect
d + tuµ = dtuµ, to give
Generally the above suffix is added to the forms the roots assume before the third person plural termination of the present tense*.
Examples:-
desenti desetuµ
kiöanti kiöituµ
bhujanti bhujituµ
suöanti suöºituµ, sotuµ
pesenti pesetuµ
*This same principle applies to the Indeclinable Past Participles and Present Participles which will be treated later.
TABLE | ||||
Root |
Meaning |
3rd per. pres. pl. |
Infinitive |
Ind. Past Part.* |
disa | to preach | desenti | desetuµ | desetv |
disa | to see | passanti | passituµ | disv, passitv |
gaha | to take | gaöhanti | gaöhituµ | gaöhitv, gahetv |
gamu | to go | gacchanti | gantuµ | gantv |
gamu with | to come | gacchanti | gantuµ | gantv, gamma |
hè | to be | honti | hotuµ | hutv |
isu | to wish | icchanti | icchituµ | icchitv |
kara | to do | karonti | ktuµ | katv |
lapa with saµ | to converse | sallapanti | sallapituµ | sallapitv |
(jna) | to know | jnanti | tuµ, jnituµ | atv, jnitv |
nah | to bathe | nahyanti | nahyituµ | nahyitv, nahtv |
p | to drink | pibanti, pivanti | ptuµ, pibituµ | p´tv, pibitv |
ruha with | to ascend | ruhanti | ruhituµ | ruhitv, ruyha |
Êh | to stand | tiÊÊhanti | Êhtuµ | Êhatv |
*These Indeclinable Past Participles will be treated in lesson VIII.
Illustrations: | |
1. | Bhariy driknaµ dtuµ odanaµ pacati. |
The wife to the girls to give rice cooks. | |
2. | Drikyo uggaöhituµ pÊhaslaµ gacchanti. |
The girls to learn to school go. | |
3. | Te gaºgyaµ k´Âituµ icchanti. |
They in the river to play wish. | |
4. | Kayo hraµ bhujituµ slyaµ nis´danti. |
The maidens food to eat in the hall sit. |
Exercise 6-A
1. | Kayo gaºgyaµ nahyituµ gacchanti. |
2. | Ahaµ pÊhaslaµ gantuµ icchmi. |
3. | Mayaµ Dhammaµ sotuµ slyaµ nis´dma. |
4. | Kuhiµ tvaµ bhariyya saddhiµ gacchasi? |
5. | Drikyo saddhya Buddhaµ vandanti. |
6. | Siss idni PÂibhsya lekhanni likhituµ jnanti. |
7. | Nar paaµ labhituµ bhsyo uggaöhanti. |
8. | Kae, kuhiµ tvaµ pupphni harituµ icchasi? |
9. | Kayo drikhi saddhiµ gilne phalehi saºgaöhituµ vejjaslaµ gacchanti. |
10. | Ass udakaµ pibituµ gaºgaµ oruhanti. |
11. | S cariyassa bhariy hoti. |
12. | Gilne saºganhituµ visikhyaµ osadhasl na hoti. |
13. | Nar bhariynaµ dtuµ paöehi vatthni kiöanti. |
14. | Drik gharaµ gantuµ maggaµ na jnti. |
15. | Drak ca drikyo ca pÊhaslyaµ p´Êhesu nis´dituµ na icchanti. |
16. | Giln gharni gantuµ osadhaslya nikkhamanti. |
17. | Mayaµ cariyehi saddhiµ pÂibhsya sallapma. |
18. | Bhariye, kuhiµ tvaµ gantuµ icchasi? |
19. | Mayaµ gaºgyaµ nvyo passituµ gacchma. |
20. | Paaµ ca saddhaµ ca labhituµ mayaµ Dhammaµ suöma. |
Exercise 6-B
1. O maidens, do you wish to go to the
temple today?
2. I am coming to take medicine from the dispensary.
3. There are no dispensaries in the street here
4. Father, I know to speak in PÂi now.
5. We see no ships on the river.
6. She wishes to go with the maidens to see the school.
7. With faith the girl goes to offer flowers to the Buddha.
8. You are sitting in the preaching hall to hear the Doctrine.
9. Boys and girls wish to bathe in rivers.
10. There are no patients in the hospital.
11. We study languages to obtain wisdom.
12. I do not wish to go in ships.
13. With faith they sit in the hall to learn the Doctrine.
14. I do not know the language of the letter.
15. O girls, do you know the way to go home?
16. He is bringing a book to give to the wife.