An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson V
Full Declension of Nouns ending in "a"
Nara: m. man | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom. | naro | nar |
a man | men | |
Voc. | nara, nar | nar |
O man! | O men! | |
Acc. | naraµ | nare |
a man | men | |
Instr. | narena | narebhi, narehi |
by or with a man | by or with men | |
Abl. | nar, naramh, narasm | narebhi, narehi |
from a man | from men | |
Dat. | narya, narassa | narnaµ |
to or for a man | to or for men | |
Gen. | narassa | narnaµ |
of a man | of men | |
Loc. | nare, naramhi, narasmiµ | naresu |
in or upon a man | in or upon men | |
Neuter Gender | ||
Phala: fruit | ||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
Nom. | phalaµ | phal, phalni |
Voc. | phala, phal | phal, phalni |
Acc. | phalaµ | phale, phalni |
(The rest like the masculine) |
The Cases in PÂi | ||
PaÊham (1st) | Nominative | |
îlapana | Vocative | |
Dutiy (2nd) | Accusative | |
Tatiy (3rd) | Auxiliary* | |
Karaöa | Instrumental* | |
Catutthi (4th) | Dative | |
Pacam´ (5th) | Ablative | |
ChaÊÊhi (6th) | Genitive | |
Sattam´ (7th) | Locative |
*As Tatiy (Auxiliary) and Karaöa (Instrumental) have the same terminations, only the Instrumental case is given in the declensions.
Terminations | ||||
SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
m. | n. | m. | n. | |
Nom. | o | µ | | , ni |
Voc. | --, | | , ni | |
Acc. | µ | e | e, ni | |
Aux. | ena | ebhi, ehi | ||
Instr. | ena | ebhi, ehi | ||
Dat. | ya, ssa | naµ | ||
Abl. | , mh, sm | ebhi, ehi | ||
Gen. | ssa | naµ | ||
Loc. | e, mhi, smiµ | esu |
The vowels preceding ni, bhi, hi, naµ and su are always long.
Neuter Substantives: | ||
B´ja | seed, germ | |
Bhaöda | goods, article | |
Ghara | home, house | |
Khetta | field | |
Lekhana | letter | |
Mitta | (m. n.) friend | |
Mukha | face, mouth | |
Nagara | city | |
Pda | (m. n.) foot | |
P´Êha | chair, bench | |
Potthaka | book | |
Puppha | flower | |
Udaka | water | |
Vattha | cloth, raiment |
Verbs: | |||
Bhujati | (bhuja) | eats, partakes | |
Khdati | (khda) | eats, chews | |
Likhati | (likha) | writes | |
Nis´dati | (sada with ni) | sits | |
Pèjeti | (pèja) | offers | |
Vapati | (vapa) | sows |
Exercise 5-A
1. Sakuö phalni
khdanti.
2. Mayaµ p´Êhesu nis´dma, macesu
supma.
3. Nar paöehi bhaödni kiöanti
4. Phalni rukkhehi patanti.
5. Kassak khettesu b´jni vapanti.
6. Sabbad mayaµ udakena pde ca mukha* ca dhovma.
7. Siss cariynaµ lekhanni likhanti.
8. Idni ahaµ mittehi saddhiµ ghare vasmi.
9. Dso taÂkasmiµ vatthni dhovati.
10. So pupphehi Buddhaµ pèjeti.
11. Kasm tvaµ hraµ na bhujasi?
12. Ajja siss cariyehi potthakni uggaöhanti.
13. Maggik mittehi saddhiµ nagaraµ vicaranti.
14. Ahaµ sabbad rmasm pupphni
harmi.
15. Mayaµ nagare gharni passma.
16. Kassak nagare taÂkasm udakaµ
haranti.
17. Drak janakassa p´Êhasmiµ na
nis´danti.
18. Mittaµ cariyassa potthakaµ pèjeti.
19. Tumhe narnaµ vatthni ca bhaödni ca
vikkiötha.
20. cariyassa rme samaö darena
narnaµ Buddhassa Dhammaµ desenti.
*Mukhaµ + ca = mukha ca
Exercise 5-B
1. I am writing a letter to (my) friend.
2. We eat fruits.
3. We offer flowers to the Buddha everyday.
4. He is not going home now.
5. You are sowing seeds in the field today.
6. The sons are washing the father's feet with water.
7. They are partaking food with the friends in the house.
8. Children's friends are sitting on the benches.
9. Are you writing letters to the teachers today?
10. I am sending books home through the servant.
11. I see fruits on the trees in the garden.
12. The birds eat the seeds in the field.
13. Friends are not going away from the city today.
14. We are coming from home on foot*.
15. From where do you buy goods now?
16. Men in the city are giving clothes and medicine to the sick.
*Use the Instrumental.