An Elementary Pali Course

An Elementary Pali Course

Lesson III

A. Declension of Nouns ending in "a" (contd.)

Nara
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Ablative	narŒ, naramhŒ, narasmŒ	narebhi, narehi
	from a man	from men
Genitive	narassa	narŒnaµ
	of a man	of men

Terminations
	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Ablative	Œ, mhŒ, smŒ	ebhi, ehi
Genitive	ssa	naµ

Masculine Substantives:
îcariya		teacher
Amba		mango
îpaöa		shop, market
îrŒma		temple, garden, park
Assa		horse
MŒtula		uncle
OvŒda		advice, exhortation
Pabbata		rock, mountain
PaööŒkŒra		reward, gift
Rukkha		tree
Sissa		pupil
TaÂŒka		pond, pool, lake

B. Conjugation of Verbs

PRESENT TENSE - ACTIVE VOICE (contd.)

1st Person Terminations
SINGULAR	mi*
PLURAL	ma*

SINGULAR	Ahaµ pacŒmi	I cook, I am cooking.
PLURAL	Mayaµ pacŒma	we cook, we are cooking.

*The vowel preceding "mi" and "ma" is always lengthened.

Verbs:
GaöhŒti*	(gaha)	takes, receives, seizes
Sa–gaöhŒti	(gaha with saµ)	treats, compiles
UggaöhŒti	(gaha with u)	learns
KiöŒti	(ki)	buys
VikkiöŒti	(ki with vi)	sells
Nikkhamati	(kamu with ni)	departs, goes away
Patati	(pata)	falls
Ruhati	(ruha)	grows
îruhati	(ruha with Œ)	ascends, climbs
Oruhati	(ruha with ava**)	descends
SunŒti	(su)	hears

*Plural - gaöhanti. So are sa–gaöhanti, uggaöhanti, kiöanti and suöanti.

**"Ava" is often changed into "o".

Illustrations:
1.	ambŒ rukkhasmŒ (abl. s.) patanti
	mangoes from the tree fall
2.	rukkhehi (abl. pl.) patŒma
	from trees we fall
3.	Œpaöehi (abl. pl.) kiöŒmi
	from the markets I buy
4.	ŒpaöŒ (abl. s.) Œpaöaµ (acc. s.)
	from market to market
5.	mŒtulassa (gen. s.) ŒrŒmo
	Uncle's garden
6.	îcariyŒnaµ (gen. pl.) sissŒ
	of the teachers pupils

Exercise 3-A

1. Ahaµ ŒcariyasmŒ Dhammaµ suöŒmi.
2. Ahaµ mŒtulasmŒ paööŒkŒraµ gaöhŒmi.
3. Ahaµ assasmŒ patŒmi.
4. Ahaµ mŒtulassa ŒrŒmasmŒ nikkhamŒmi.
5. Ahaµ ŒpaöasmŒ ambe kiöŒmi.
6. Mayaµ pabbatasmŒ oruhŒma.
7. Mayaµ Œcariyehi uggaöhŒma.
8. Mayaµ Œcariyassa ovŒdaµ labhŒma.
9. Mayaµ ŒcariyŒnaµ putte saöganhŒma.
10. Mayaµ assŒnaµ ŒhŒraµ Œpaöehi kiöŒma.
11. SissŒ samaöŒnaµ ŒrŒmehi nikkhamanti.
12. Œcariyo mŒtulassa assaµ Œruhati.
13. Mayaµ rathehi gŒmŒ gŒmaµ gacchŒma.
14. Tumhe Œcariyehi paööŒkŒre gaöhŒtha.
15. NarŒ sissŒnaµ dŒsŒnaµ ambe vikkiöanti.
16. Mayaµ samaöŒnaµ ovŒdaµ suöŒma.
17. RukkhŒ pabbatasmŒ patanti.
18. Ahaµ suöakhehi taÂŒkaµ oruhŒmi.
19. Mayaµ ŒrŒmasmŒ ŒrŒmaµ gacchŒma.
20. PuttŒ Œdarena janakŒnaµ ovŒdaµ gaöhanti.

Exercise 3-B

1.	I receive a gift from the teacher.
2.	I depart from the shop.
3.	I treat the uncle's teacher.
4.	I take the advice of the teachers.
5.	I am descending from the mountain.
6.	We buy mangoes from the markets.
7.	We hear the doctrine of the Buddha from the teacher.
8.	We are coming out of the pond.
9.	We are mounting the uncle's horse.
10.	We fall from the mountain.
11.	We treat the father's pupil with affection.
12.	Pupils get gifts from the teachers.
13.	You are selling a horse to the father's physician.
14.	We go from mountain to mountain with the horses.
15.	Teachers give advice to the fathers of the pupils.
16.	We are learning from the ascetics.